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This led to large-scale excavations of Mohenjo-daro led by K. Banerji, an officer of the Archaeological Survey of India, visited the site in 1919–20 identifying what he thought to be a Buddhist stupa (150–500 CE) known to be there and finding a flint scraper which convinced him of the site's antiquity.

The ruins of the city remained undocumented for around 3,700 years until R. When the Indus civilization went into sudden decline around 1900 BCE, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned. Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and northwards to an outpost in Bactria, with major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi. It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, which developed around 3,000 BCE from the prehistoric Indus culture.

Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BCE. It lies on a Pleistocene ridge in the flood plain of the Indus, around 28 kilometres (17 mi) from the town of Larkana. Mohenjo-daro is located off the right (west) bank of the lower Indus river in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan. Map showing the major sites and theorised extent of the Indus Valley Civilisation, including the location of the Mohenjo-daro site Mohenjo-daro, the modern name for the site, has been interpreted as "Mound of the Dead Men" in Sindhi. Mohenjo-daro may also have been a point of diffusion for the clade of the domesticated chicken found in Africa, Western Asia, Europe and the Americas.

Cock-fighting may have had ritual and religious significance for the city. According to Mahadevan, an Indus seal has "recorded in the Indus script the original Dravidian name of the city, corresponding to Indo-Aryan Kukkutarma." Based on his analysis of a Mohenjo-daro seal, Iravatham Mahadevan speculates that the city's ancient name could have been Kukkutarma ("the city of the cockerel ").

5 Architecture and urban infrastructure.

However, direct flights run from Karachi to Mohenjo-daro 3 times a week or you can drive along the Indus Highway between Karachi and Peshawar. The site is not particularly easy or comfortable to get to as it is in rural Sindh – 30 kilometres from the nearest city, Larkana. Divided into two parts – the Citadel and Lower City – you can still see the fascinating remains of the Great Bath, the 12 metres-high Citadel, several houses, guard towers and more. Although unfortunately, the site has been threatened by erosion, especially considering its sheer size. Significant excavations have been ongoing at Mohenjo-daro, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. Instead, what he had found were the remains of an immense ancient city, arranged along a grid plan and likely boasting a peak population of 40,000. Banerji found what he thought was a Buddhist stupa. Undocumented for 3,700 years, the site was ‘rediscovered’ in 1919 when archaeologist R. Yet as the Indus civilisation went into rapid decline around 1,900 BC, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned. This culture spanned much of what is now north India and Pakistan, reaching westwards to Iran.Īt its height, the city was the most advanced of its time, with remarkable and sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. Built in the 26th century BC, Mohenjo-daro was one of the Harappan Civilisation’s largest cities. Mohenjo-daro is believed to originally have been known as ‘the city of the cockerel’, found inscribed on an Indus seal. Built around 2,500 BC, this site was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and one of the world’s greatest early cities. Mohenjo-daro – meaning ‘Mound of the Dead Men’ – is an incredible archaeological site in Sindh, Pakistan.